The true teaching emphasises the Subject-Self, whereas false teachings* always come back to objects such as the body, the mind, feelings, emotions, the world, the breath, chakras, various experiences, knowledge in the mind, etc, etc.
The word ‘That‘ refers to the Subject, ie. the Self.
The word ‘This‘ refers to Objects, ie Maya, as described above
False teachings* emphasise ‘This’ whereas true teachings ultimately point to ‘That’.
‘This’ is Maya or illusion; ‘This’ is duality; ‘This’ is ignorance or ego.
‘That’ is Truth; ‘That’ is reality; ‘That’ is non-duality; ‘That’ is True Knowledge.
Only realisation of ‘That’ is non-duality.
In ‘That’, there is no ‘This’
Meaning in the Subject, or in Non-duality, there are no objects, or duality.
To say all of ‘this’ is one with ‘That’ is a mere conceptual proclamation of the ego-mind that has not yet realised the Self.
This is why Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi states in Guru Vachaka Kovai verse 932:
“The mukta [liberated sage] like the rest of us perceives
The world in all its vast variety
And yet he sees non-difference in it”,
So people say. This is not true.
In Yoga Vasistha it is said:
‘It is only as long as you are not fully enlightened that you experience apparent diversity’
and
‘What you call the body does not exist in the eyes of the sage’
and
‘Nothing, not even this body, has ever been created’
Therefore the True Teaching always ultimately recommends the apparent individual to turn away from objects and to turn towards the Subject and thereby discover its true nature as the Subject-Self which is of the nature of non-dual realisation in which the apparent individual no longer exists.
This is the teaching of Guru Ramana Maharshi.
This is the teaching of the Upanishads
This is the teaching of the Buddha
This is the teaching of all liberating Spiritual Teachings
Om Tat Sat
🕉
*False teachings are not necessarily ‘bad’ – in fact they are often helpful ‘stepping stones’ for most seekers and so have their place – however these teachings are not directly in themselves liberating.
Tom Das 
Thank you Tom. Simple explanation of ‘This – That / True – False’. I’ve spent many years of my sadhana wallowing in ‘false teachings’, getting nowhere. Perhaps I needed that. Eventually, grace and reading a lot of what you write on the subject has helped me see more clearly.
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